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#2
11-15-2016, 01:17 PM
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They can serve a couple purposes. First, if the spoke holes are slightly oversized, they help give a better fit. They also help if the holes have seen a lot of prior usage and have developed a bit of a groove from prior lacings.
Second, spoke elbows were lengthened by most manufacturers a few years ago to make it easier to machine-lace them. But that detracted from the stability of the flange to spoke connection, and the elbow could bend somewhat, there was an opportunity for stretching at the elbow, and it was harder on the hub. One of the hubs that immediately comes to mind is the Dura Ace 7600 track hub. Some hubs were made thicker at the same time to accommodate radial lacing and to decrease stretching so close to the bearings (which could sometimes cause a bearing cartridge to become loose in the hub shell), so it isn't as much of a problem. This latter is the main reason for using them. 
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#3
11-15-2016, 01:36 PM
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I still use them when necessary. Depends on the hub/spoke interface. I think it's a nice little detail and helps with spoke longevity. Of course I still tie and solder if you ask nicely so....
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#5
11-15-2016, 04:31 PM
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Nipple washers are typically structural -- they reinforce the spoke hole and date back to when rims didn't use ferrules and had to have reinforcement around the spoke hole where the nipple seated.
Nipple washers are a fussy issue. Some rims need them. Others are actually damaged by them. A rim that comes with them usually has washers that are designed for the rim. The ones you can buy on their own come in different sizes, shapes, thicknesses, and so on. They aren't necessarily that helpful because they can apply stresses to the rim that are greater than what the nipple itself would do. Except for when the rim manufacturer spec's them, I'm reluctant to use them. Get good brass nipples and you shouldn't have a problem. For any kind of recent rim like a HED Belgium, Pacenti, H+Son, and the like, the rims are extruded to provide enough support at the spoke holes and because the rim is often strongly concave where the nipple wants to sit, most washers just create a problem and don't solve one.
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#6
11-16-2016, 05:41 AM
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Quote:
__________________
Chisholm's Custom Wheels Qui Si Parla Campagnolo
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#8
11-16-2016, 06:56 AM
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Quote:
I use these..
__________________
Chisholm's Custom Wheels Qui Si Parla Campagnolo
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#9
11-16-2016, 09:26 AM
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Ditto the above. Spokes are most durable when the elbows and heads are well supported, which means that they should be held snuggly against the flange. Spoke head washers act largely like shims, and take up extra space to tighten the fit between spoke and flange. And just like shims, their use is dependent on individual geometry and fit requirements. I've built many wheels, and much of the time they have not been required, sometimes they are required, and on a few rarely occasions (extra long spoke elbows and thin flanges) two washers per spoke have been required.
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#10
11-16-2016, 07:41 PM
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I just built a front wheel for an old Schwinn Speedster. I reused the original steel Schwinn hub mostly because I was lazy and didn't want to fuss around spreading the fork blades to fit a modern hub. The holes are larger and the flanges thinner than typical on modern alloy hubs.
It seemed the situation called for spoke head washers. Having never purchased them before, I of course first bought spoke nipple washers. I now have plenty of washers for both ends of the spoke. 
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